IoT pentesting for beginners – Part 1

In this article, I will be covering up  IOT fundamentals. So The Word IOT means the Internet of things  and if I divide this into simpler format then

Internet + devices  = internet of things

Internet of Things is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure.

or

A network of physical objects that can interact with each other to share information and take action.

Some additional factors of IoT  :

People 

More “things” can be monitored and controlled so people will become more capable.

Process 

More users and machines can collaborate in real-time so more complex tasks can be accomplished in lesser time. And hence we have more collaborated and coordinated data.

Data

Collect data more frequently and reliably. Those results are more accurate for decision making.

Things

The things become more controllable therefore mobile devices and these devices become more valuable.

Economic Impact

Predictions have been made that the IoT has the potential to increase global corporate profits by 21% (in aggregate) by 2022.

• Asset Utilization: $2.5T
• Employee Productivity: $2.5T
• Supply Chain and Logistics: $2.7T
• Customer Experience: $3.7T
• Innovation: $3.7T

A total of $19 Trillion Market. That’s huge !!

1. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) connections are increasingly important
2. Person-to-Person (P2P) are as well
3. Person-to-Machine (P2M)
4. Machine-to-Person (M2P) still represents the majority of IoT’s economic value

• M2M: $6.4T: 45% of economic value.
• M2P or P2M: $3.5T and P2P: $4.5T together represent 55% of economic value.

Putting it all together in a nutshell, we can see that this technology is huge and has enormous potential! This is and will create huge potential for developers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SO Now let’s Come on the basics building block of IoT  : –

(i) Hardware / Sensors  (ii) Processers  (iii) Gateways   (iv) Applications

i) Hardware/Sensors:

the main purpose of things is to collect data from its surrounding sensors or give out data to its surrounding actuators. Devices should need to be connected with the sources for data collection. These devices either work on their own (autonomous in nature) or can be made to work by the user depending on their needs (user-controlled).

Examples of sensors are the gas sensor, water quality sensor, moisture sensor, etc.

ii) Processors:

Processors are the brain of the IoT system. Their main function is to process the data captured by the sensors and process them so as to extract the valuable data from the enormous amount of raw data collected. In a word, we can say that it gives intelligence to the data. Processors mostly work on a real-time basis and can be easily controlled by applications. These are also responsible for securing the data – that is performing encryption and decryption of data.

Embedded hardware devices, microcontroller, etc are the ones that process the data because they have processors attached to it.

iii) Gateways:

gateway helps in to and fro communication of the data. It provides network connectivity to the data. Network connectivity is essential for any IoT system to communicate.

LAN, WAN, PAN etc are examples of network gateways.

iv) Applications:

Applications form another end of an IoT system. Applications are essential for the proper utilization of all the data collected. These cloud-based applications which are responsible for rendering effective meaning to the data collected. Applications are controlled by users and are the delivery point of particular services.

Examples of applications are home automation apps, security systems, industrial control hub, etc.

let’s have a look of all in one

image: building blocks of IoT

Hope you enjoyed !!

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